通过SignalR类库,实现ASP.NETMVC的实时通信
在本文中,您将学到在现有 ASP.NET MVC 框架的 CRUD 项目中,如何使用 SignalR 类库,显示来自数据库的实时更新。在这一主题中,我们将重点放在在现有 ASP.NET MVC 框架的 CRUD 项目中,如何使用 SignalR 类库,显示来自数据库的实时更新。 本文系国内 ITOM 管理平台 OneAPM 工程师编译整理。
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本主题有以下两个步骤:
我们将创建一个示例应用程序来执行 CRUD 操作。
我们将使用 SignalR 类库让应用实时。
那些不熟悉 SignalR 的,请访问我以前有关 SignalR 概述 的文章。
第一步:
我们需要创建一个名为 CRUD_Sample 的数据库。在示例数据库中创建一个名为 Customer 的表。
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Customer]( [Id] [bigint] IDENTITY(1,1)NOTNULL, [CustName] [varchar](100)NULL, [CustEmail] [varchar](150)NULL )
存储过程
USE [CRUD_Sample] GO /****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[Delete_Customer] Script Date: 12/27/2015 1:44:05 PM ******/ SETANSI_NULLSON GO SETQUOTED_IDENTIFIERON GO -- ============================================= -- Author:-- Create date: -- Description: -- ============================================= CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[Delete_Customer] -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here @Id Bigint AS BEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SETNOCOUNTON; -- Insert statements for procedure here DELETE FROM [dbo].[Customers] WHERE [Id] = @Id RETURN 1 END GO /****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[Get_Customer] Script Date: 12/27/2015 1:44:05 PM ******/ SETANSI_NULLSON GO SETQUOTED_IDENTIFIERON GO -- ============================================= -- Author: -- Create date: -- Description: -- ============================================= CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[Get_Customer] -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here @Count INT AS BEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SETNOCOUNTON; -- Insert statements for procedure here SELECT top(@Count)*FROM [dbo].[Customers] END GO /****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[Get_CustomerbyID] Script Date: 12/27/2015 1:44:05 PM ******/ SETANSI_NULLSON GO SETQUOTED_IDENTIFIERON GO -- ============================================= -- Author: -- Create date: -- Description: -- ============================================= CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[Get_CustomerbyID] -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here @Id BIGINT AS BEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SETNOCOUNTON; -- Insert statements for procedure here SELECT*FROM [dbo].[Customers] WHERE Id=@Id END GO /****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[Set_Customer] Script Date: 12/27/2015 1:44:05 PM ******/ SETANSI_NULLSON GO SETQUOTED_IDENTIFIERON GO -- ============================================= -- Author: -- Create date: -- Description: -- ============================================= CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[Set_Customer] -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here @CustNameNvarchar(100) ,@CustEmailNvarchar(150) AS BEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SETNOCOUNTON; -- Insert statements for procedure here INSERT INTO [dbo].[Customers]([CustName],[CustEmail]) VALUES(@CustName,@CustEmail) RETURN 1 END GO /****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[Update_Customer] Script Date: 12/27/2015 1:44:05 PM ******/ SETANSI_NULLSON GO SETQUOTED_IDENTIFIERON GO -- ============================================= -- Author: -- Create date: -- Description: -- ============================================= CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[Update_Customer] -- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here @Id Bigint ,@CustNameNvarchar(100) ,@CustEmailNvarchar(150) AS BEGIN -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SETNOCOUNTON; -- Insert statements for procedure here UPDATE [dbo].[Customers] SET[CustName] = @CustName,[CustEmail]= @CustEmail WHERE [Id] = @Id RETURN 1 END GO
启动 MVC 项目
创建示例应用程序,我们需要 Visual Studio 2012 或更高版本,并且该服务器平台必须支持 .NET 4.5。
步骤 1:

Step 2:

Step 3:

点击 OK,Visual Studio 将会创建一个新的 ASP.NET 工程。
使用通用类库
使用通用功能,我们可以减少代码数量。
namespace WebApplication1.Repository
{
interfaceIRepository < T > : IDisposablewhereT: class
{
IEnumerable < T > ExecuteQuery(stringspQuery, object[] parameters);
TExecuteQuerySingle(stringspQuery, object[] parameters);
intExecuteCommand(stringspQuery, object[] parameters);
}
}接口 IRepository
显示一个通用类库的 T 型接口,它是 SQL 实体的 LINQ。它提供了一个基本的界面操作,如 Insert, Update, Delete, GetById and GetAll。
IDisposable
IDisposable接口提供了一种机制,释放非托管资源。
where T : class
这是制约泛型参数的一类。点击查看更多。
类型参数必须是引用类型;这也适用于任何类,接口,委托或数组类型。
namespace WebApplication1.Repository
{
public class GenericRepository < T > : IRepository < T > whereT: class
{
Customer_Entities context = null;
privateDbSet < T > entities = null;
public GenericRepository(Customer_Entities context)
{
this.context = context;
entities = context.Set < T > ();
}
///
/// Get Data From Database
///Use it when to retive data through a stored procedure
///
public IEnumerable < T > ExecuteQuery(stringspQuery, object[] parameters)
{
using(context = newCustomer_Entities())
{
returncontext.Database.SqlQuery < T > (spQuery, parameters).ToList();
}
}
///
/// Get Single Data From Database
///Use it when to retive single data through a stored procedure
///
public TExecuteQuerySingle(stringspQuery, object[] parameters)
{
using(context = newCustomer_Entities())
{
returncontext.Database.SqlQuery < T > (spQuery, parameters).FirstOrDefault();
}
}
///
/// Insert/Update/Delete Data To Database
///Use it when to Insert/Update/Delete data through a stored procedure
///
public intExecuteCommand(stringspQuery, object[] parameters)
{
int result = 0;
try
{
using(context = newCustomer_Entities())
{
result = context.Database.SqlQuery < int > (spQuery, parameters).FirstOrDefault();
}
}
catch
{}
return result;
}
private bool disposed = false;
protected virtualvoid Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (!this.disposed)
{
if (disposing)
{
context.Dispose();
}
}
this.disposed = true;
}
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
}
}使用 middle-tire 结构
namespace WebApplication1.Services
{
public partial class CustomerService
{
privateGenericRepository < Customer > CustRepository;
//CustomerRepositoryCustRepository;
public CustomerService()
{
this.CustRepository = newGenericRepository < Customer > (newCustomer_Entities());
}
public IEnumerable < Customer > GetAll(object[] parameters)
{
stringspQuery = "[Get_Customer] {0}";
returnCustRepository.ExecuteQuery(spQuery, parameters);
}
public CustomerGetbyID(object[] parameters)
{
stringspQuery = "[Get_CustomerbyID] {0}";
returnCustRepository.ExecuteQuerySingle(spQuery, parameters);
}
public int Insert(object[] parameters)
{
stringspQuery = "[Set_Customer] {0}, {1}";
returnCustRepository.ExecuteCommand(spQuery, parameters);
}
public int Update(object[] parameters)
{
stringspQuery = "[Update_Customer] {0}, {1}, {2}";
returnCustRepository.ExecuteCommand(spQuery, parameters);
}
public int Delete(object[] parameters)
{
stringspQuery = "[Delete_Customer] {0}";
returnCustRepository.ExecuteCommand(spQuery, parameters);
}
}
}在 MVC 架构应用程序中使用通用库
namespace WebApplication1.Controllers
{
public class HomeController: Controller
{
private CustomerServiceobjCust;
//CustomerRepositoryCustRepository;
public HomeController()
{
this.objCust = newCustomerService();
}
// GET: Home
public ActionResult Index()
{
int Count = 10;
object[] parameters = {
Count
};
var test = objCust.GetAll(parameters);
return View(test);
}
public ActionResult Insert()
{
return View();
}
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Insert(Customer model)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
object[] parameters = {
model.CustName,
model.CustEmail
};
objCust.Insert(parameters);
}
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
public ActionResult Delete(int id)
{
object[] parameters = {
id
};
this.objCust.Delete(parameters);
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
public ActionResult Update(int id)
{
object[] parameters = {
id
};
return View(this.objCust.GetbyID(parameters));
}
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Update(Customer model)
{
object[] parameters = {
model.Id,
model.CustName,
model.CustEmail
};
objCust.Update(parameters);
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
}
}在 MVC 架构应用程序中使用视图
Index
@model IList@{ ViewBag.Title = "Index"; }

